12/12/2023 0 Comments Chemical formula for carbon dioxide![]() ![]() The enthalpy and entropy changes due to this reaction are found from a table 26 to be ∆ H = 530 kJ mol −1 and ∆ S = 147 J mol −1 degree −1, respectively. However, we assume the disintegration of carbon dioxide molecules into carbon monoxide and oxygen atoms, i.e., CO 2 → CO + O for simplicity in the initial analytical attempt. They then may disintegrate into various chemical compounds. The bright, whitish region is a typical torch based on plasma species and the bluish, dimmer region is carbon monoxide (CO) recombining with oxygen.ĭisintegration of carbon dioxide molecules at high temperaturesĬarbon dioxide molecules pass through an extremely high temperature torch where a local thermodynamic equilibrium (LTE) is assumed for T > 2000K. The carbon dioxide torch exhibits two distinctive regions: a bright, whitish region of a high-temperature zone and a bluish, dimmer region of a relatively low-temperature zone. ![]() The present article presents an in-depth study of the pure carbon dioxide torch and discusses its characteristics, including its temperature profile and the CO 2 disintegration properties in the torch. For these reasons, the best solution would be to generate a pure carbon dioxide torch operated by microwaves without electrodes. The typical energy efficiency of ICP into the plasma is less than 50% and drops markedly at high power (>100 kW) 25. Although an inductively coupled plasma (ICP) in the range of radio-frequency is recently used in thermal processing fields, it is not efficient. A conventional torch operated by arc-discharge processes may not be appropriate due to electrode erosion caused by oxidation. The dissociation of carbon dioxide molecules at a high temperature produces oxygen atoms abundantly, which are very reactive. A carbon dioxide torch can contain highly active species, such as electrons, ions and radicals, which serve to enhance the chemical reaction rate, eliminating the need for catalysts during the processing of materials. In this article, we present a carbon dioxide torch which makes use of microwaves and investigate the dissociation properties of carbon dioxide molecules in a high-temperature torch. In this context, we propose a method of carbon dioxide dissociation associated with carbon dioxide capture and utilization (CCU) 23, 24. Therefore, the most practical means of reducing carbon dioxide may be the thermal dissociation 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22 of carbon dioxide molecules. Carbon dioxide was dissociated by recently laser beams 15 at room temperature, but laser energy needed for a substantial amount of CO 2 dissociation is very high. The ocean can take carbon dioxide, but apparently this uptake 14 is likely insufficient. Carbon dioxide may dissociate through a reaction 12, 13 with oxygen and nitrogen atoms in air, but the densities of these atoms are very low at room temperature. There is a project 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 called CCS (carbon dioxide capture 6, 7, 8 in a burning system and store 9, 10, 11), but its cost is formidably high. The major source of the carbon dioxide (CO 2) is the burning of hydrocarbon fuel. One of the most difficult problems in mankind is the global warming phenomenon, caused by an increase in the carbon dioxide concentration in the atmosphere. Emission profiles of the oxygen and carbon atom radicals and the carbon monoxide molecules confirm the theoretical predictions of carbon dioxide disintegration in the torch. For example, the normalized particle densities at center of plasma are given by n CO2/ n N = 6.12 × 10 −3, n CO/ n N = 0.13, n C/ n N = 0.24, n O/ n N = 0.61, n C2/ n N = 8.32 × 10 −7, n O2/ n N = 5.39 × 10 −5, where n CO2, n CO, n C, n O, n C2 and n O2 are carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide, carbon and oxygen atom, carbon and oxygen molecule densities, respectively. An analytical investigation of carbon dioxide disintegration indicates that substantial fraction of carbon dioxide molecules disintegrate and form other compounds in the torch. Study of carbon dioxide disintegration and gas temperature effects on the molecular fraction characteristics in the carbon dioxide plasma of a microwave plasma torch under atmospheric pressure is carried out. Two distinctive regions are exhibited, a bright, whitish region of high-temperature zone and a bluish, dimmer region of relatively low-temperature zone. Temperature of the torch flame is measured by making use of optical spectroscopy and thermocouple. The torch volume is almost linearly proportional to the microwave power. ![]() Carbon dioxide gas becomes the working gas and produces a stable carbon dioxide torch. A pure carbon dioxide torch is generated by making use of 2.45 GHz microwave.
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